The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Each tube is about 10-12 cm long and has four regions: infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural part. The ampulla is the longest region where fertilization is most likely to occur. The uterus is a muscular organ that supports embryo growth during pregnancy, consisting of the fundus, body, and cervix. The uterine wall has three layers: endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium is further divided into functional and basal layers, with the functional layer shedding during menstruation. The fallopian tubes have three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The mucosa contains ciliated and secretory peg cells that aid in egg transport and nourishment. The muscularis has smooth muscle layers that facilitate movement toward the uterus. The uterus's blood supply is unique, with arcuate arteries branching into radial arteries, supplying the endometrium's basal and functional layers separately. The menstrual cycle involves proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phases, each with distinct changes in the endometrium.