Osmosis from Elsevier - NORD - Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive type of brain tumor classified as a type four astrocytoma. It grows rapidly, often affecting the brain or spinal cord in adults, and is thought to be caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell replication. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and neurological abnormalities depending on the tumor's location. Diagnosis typically involves MRI imaging and confirmation through a biopsy. Treatment aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life, involving surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, radiation to destroy remaining cancer cells, and chemotherapy to target cancer cells further. Additional therapies include alternating electric fields therapy, which slows tumor growth, and medications to manage symptoms like brain swelling and seizures. Despite these treatments, the prognosis remains poor with low long-term survival rates.
Key Points:
- Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with rapid growth, often affecting adults' brain or spinal cord.
- Symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and neurological issues based on tumor location.
- Diagnosis involves MRI imaging and biopsy to confirm the presence of the tumor.
- Treatment includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and alternating electric fields therapy to manage the disease.
- Prognosis is poor, but treatments aim to prolong survival and improve quality of life.
Details:
1. 🧠 Understanding Glioblastoma: Causes and Symptoms
1.1. Causes of Glioblastoma
1.2. Symptoms of Glioblastoma
2. ⚠️ Risk Factors and Possible Complications
2.1. Risk Factors
2.2. Symptoms and Potential Complications
3. 🔍 Diagnosis: Imaging and Biopsy Procedures
- An MRI of the brain is typically one of the first tests for suspected brain tumors, showing masses invading brain tissue.
- Confirmation of glioblastoma diagnosis requires a biopsy, guided by CT scan or MRI to obtain a tissue sample.
- Microscopic examination and additional testing of the tissue sample can identify unique tumor markers to guide treatment decisions.
4. 💊 Treatment Options and Strategies
4.1. Surgical and Radiation Treatments
4.2. Chemotherapy Approaches
4.3. Alternating Electric Fields Therapy
4.4. Symptom Management with Medications
5. 🔄 Recap: Key Points on Glioblastoma
- Glioblastoma is a rare, aggressive brain tumor originating from astrocytes.
- Common symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and neurologic abnormalities.
- Diagnosis is confirmed through brain imaging and tissue biopsy.
- Treatment combines surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and alternating electric fields therapy.