The discussion begins with the epidemiology of lipoprotein(a) (LPA), highlighting its prevalence in different ethnic groups, with African ancestry individuals having the highest levels and East Asians the lowest. Approximately 20% of the global population has elevated LPA levels, increasing their cardiovascular risk. LPA was discovered in 1963, and early studies in the 70s and 80s linked it to cardiovascular events. However, due to poor assay quality, many studies in the 90s and early 2000s failed to confirm this association, leading to a decline in research interest. The assays used were not accurate, often overestimating larger LPA isoforms and underestimating smaller, more dangerous ones. Recent advancements have improved assay accuracy, reigniting interest in LPA research. Genetic studies in 2009 confirmed the link between high LPA levels and cardiovascular events, further boosting research. The video explains the genetic basis of LPA, its structure, and the challenges in measuring it accurately due to its complex nature. Modern assays now measure LPA in nanomoles per liter, providing a more accurate count of LPA particles, which is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk.